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~Russian Bear’Z Blog~



The estimation of volatility

Posted in Live, Research(eng), волатильность by whiteline on the April 30th, 2006

This article may be useful for those people who don t know anything about the concept of volatility as well as for those who have been trading Vega for a long time. Volatility is a fixed magnitude that reflects the price alterations and depends on the way we measure them. In contrast to ATR (Average True Range) volatility is an absolute magnitude. It means that if ATR is 300 per share of Sberbank and 0.1 per share of RAO EES it doesn’t mean that concerning Sberbank the risk factor is higher or lower as the main role plays a capitalization ratio. Thus, knowing this magnitude we can draw a conclusion on what asset the price is more flexible.

Volatility can be of two types – historical and implied. Historical volatility is such a volatility the estimation of which is carried out on the grounds of historical data on this asset. The implied volatility is such a volatility that will reflect the price of the last option deal with the near paying off and strike if we place it in the formula of Black-Scholes. Consequently, the implied volatility makes sense only if we for this asset the options are traded.

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Опять про доллар

Posted in Finance, Live by whiteline on the April 30th, 2006

На последнем заседании председетель ФРС Бен Бернаки вновь, как и ожидалось повысил ставку до 4.75%, и пообщеал дальше придерживаться такой же стратегии, но быть может возмёт некоторую паузу и сбавит обороты.

В России, реальный курс доллара составляет 15 рублей, так считает руководитель Федеральной службы по финансовым рынкам Олег Вьюгин. Как он сказал в эфире Эхо Москвы, если Центробанк перестанет искусственно занижать курс рубля, это сильно изменит нашу жизнь и выиграют те, кто получает фиксированную долларовую зарплату. Издержки компаний, работающих на внутренний рынок, резко возрастут. Будет настолько жёсткая конкуренция, что вопрос для компаний станет ребром: либо быстро перестраиваться, либо уходить с рынка. Именно поэтому, по мнению Вьюгина, Центробанк и занижает курс рубля.

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Прогноз по евро:)

Руководство по использованию GA4TS

GA4TS Dynamic Link Library (version 1.1) имеет стандартный интерфейс, поэтому использовать библиотеку можно в любой программе, поддерживающей вызовы через API. Библиотека защищена современными криптографическими методами и может быть использована только на компьютере зарегистрированного пользователя. Поддерживается совместимость только в ОС: Windows 2000 и более поздние версии.

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Portfolio method of risks management Fixed Ratio

Posted in Live, Research(eng) by whiteline on the April 18th, 2006

Method Fixed Ratio developed by Ryan Jones, means that the ratio of number traded contracts, to an increment of the capital, should be to constants. It is the basic concept of a method! Thus, at use of a method, risks increase only due to the received profit, allowing effectively reinvestment the earned profit.

Such approach, first of all, is interesting to aggressive speculators who use buy-power and perform inreaday trading on sevral stocks.
This method has been modified and generalized up to a portfolio which is presented in Fixed Ratio Calculator.

How to use the calculator? First it is necessary to initialize initial data on which the method leans:

  1. init asset – a seed capital. This value remains to constants during all time work of a method and never change.
  2. leverage – a leverage of your broker
  3. DD – maximal drawdown in percentage which you are ready to suffer on a portfolio.
  4. ticker – the stock’s name.
  5. price – the current price of stock, may be change a few.
  6. dd– drawdown used strategy for a year, or critical stop-loss, may be change a few, in points.
  7. shares – number of shares in conreact specification.
  8. part – a portion of stock of money eauation in a portfolio, in percentage.

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Генетический алгоритм – бесплатная акция

Posted in GA4TS, Live by whiteline on the April 16th, 2006

Для тестирования на других компьютерах в целях выявления возможных ошибок работы библиотеки GA4TS, проводится бесплатная акция с 15 мая «Генетический Алгоритм для Omega TradeStation».
Мануал по использованию библиотеки будет опубликован на сайте в ближайшую неделю.

Условия проведения:

С 15 мая, начиная в 00-00, по Московскому времени, первые 20 человек, кто оставят сообщение в этой теме: «Генетический Алгоритм для задачи..», и два слова о задаче которую вы будете решать и не забудте указать свой e-mail. После чего со всеми, кто сформирует этот список, я свяжусь, помогу установить и объясню, как им пользовался.

Все кто получат библиотеку GA4TS, во время бесплатной акции, может пользоваться ей всегда, без ограничения срока действия, но только на том компьютере, на котором она была установлена изначально.


Tags: генетический алгоритм, генетический алгоритм парето, генетический алгоритм omega tradestation, многокритериальные задачи, многокритериальная оптимизация

GA4TS.DLL – Genetic algorithm for Omega TradeStation

Posted in GA4TS, Live, Research(eng) by whiteline on the April 15th, 2006

GA4TS – is a dynamic library set aside for the optimization of strategies using one or multiobjective in TradeStation Omega (any version). The advantages of the algorithm embodied in GA4TS are:

  1. The possibility of searching multiobjective optimal solution (using Pareto Set).
  2. The search is carried out with a help of Genetic Algorithm.
  3. Greater speed of convergence in comparison with other methods (GA).
  4. High accuracy of all calculations.

The library includes:

  1. The library allows you to use all the opportunities of the algorithm.
  2. The opportunity of the utilization by means of special interface in all versions of Omega TradeStation.
  3. The opportunity of tuning and correction of the parameters of the reproductive cycle in the Genetic Algorithm.
  4. The addition of good and well-known decisions into the basic population.
  5. The bitwise accuracy of all calculations.
  6. The filtration of data while outputting it.

The use of GA is justified in such cases when an enormous calculating capacity is required. And quick convergence allows you to solve the tasks amounting 1050 in a several hours. The speed of convergence of this method is greater in comparison with other realizations of GA. As used here, the speed is understood to be the quality of the iterations done (calculations of one element or a strategy with specific parameters).

For that let s consider an example from MATLAB Rastrigin’s Function fig.1 in the description to “Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search Toolbox”. The function is:


Ras(x,y) = -(x2+y2)+10(-2 + cos(2x) + cos(2y)),

in which all the identical transformations aimed at presentation of calculations accuracy are done, as 1 +10-16 on PC is 1 as a rule.

Fig. 1. Rastrigin’s Function.

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Портфельный метод управления рисками Fixed Ratio

Posted in Finance, Live, Research, оптимизация решения, риск by whiteline on the April 14th, 2006

Метод Fixed Ratio, разработанный Райн Джонсом, подразумевает то, что отношение торгуемого числа лотов, к приращению капитала, должно быть постоянным. Это основная концепция метода! Таким образом, при использовании метода, риски увеличиваются только за счёт полученной прибыли, позволяя эффективно реинвестировать заработанную прибыль.

Такой подход, прежде всего, интересен агрессивным спекулянтам, которые ведут маржинальную торговлю внутри дня сразу по нескольким бумагам.
Этот метод был доработан и обобщён до портфеля, который представлен в Fixed Ratio Calculator.

Как пользоваться калькулятором? Сначала необходимо инициализировать начальные данные на которые опирается метод:

  1. init asset – начальный капитал. Это значение остаётся постоянным на протяжении всей работы метода, даже если ваша капитал вырос в несколько раз.
  2. leverage – плечо вашего брокера.
  3. DD – максимальный дродаун в процентах, который вы готовы терпеть по портфелю.
  4. ticker – название эмитента.
  5. price – цена одной акции.
  6. dd – просадка используемой стратегии за год, или critical stop-loss.
  7. part – доля бумаг в портфеле, в процентах, в сумме должны быть 100%.

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Spread: for or against?

Posted in Live, Research(eng) by whiteline on the April 13th, 2006

I suppose that I don t have to say that the market in Russia is the growing market of the developing countries as sometimes this market drops. And the thing that it is the trend market doesn t raises any doubts. It means that on the Russian market the trend strategies operate best of all.

The trend strategy operates in this way: when some fixed level makes his way the execution of the stop-order happens. Taking into account that the commission on the Russian market is rather small (0.05%) and the liquidity on many instruments leaves much to be desired it is very important how the stop-order will be executed.

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Search of the optimal strategies using Pareto Set

Posted in Live, Research(eng), генетический алгоритм by whiteline on the April 13th, 2006

The question of the utilization of optimization for the strategies is disputable but I don t want to make you change your mind. I just want to mention that if you have invented some strategy without any parameters it will work only for having some historical data. And its impossible to draw a conclusion concerning its utilization. And having an assumption that some connection exists the dynamics of the alteration of the quotations with the past you can empirically select the best solutions (it can be either a single strategy or a set of it, reliant from the parameters). But there may be a situation when there are a lot of parameters or there are a little data under test, on which the resolution may behave aloof. It is examined by the carrying out the additional tests on other data.

Let’s examine in details the search of the optimum conclusion. It is obvious that the main objective of the quality of the strategy is a future profit that is why if you simplify the terms of the task by varying out the tests only for the historical data you must not be guided only by this single parameter as it does not reflect the main essence of the task. Thus, it is necessary to analyze such a criteria which can be regarded as a stable in respect of data. Such objectives are: Profit Factor, Drawdown, Percent Profitable, Ratio Avg. Win/Avg. Loss etc. But at the same time having obtained a conclusion which is optimum in respect of one objective it does not necessarily mean that it will be optimum for another one. Nevertheless you would like to solve the following task: to minimize the risk and maximize the profit at the same time.

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Fixed Ratio Calculator (Beta Version)

Posted in Finance, Live, Research, Research(eng), оптимизация решения, риск by whiteline on the April 9th, 2006









ticker price dd shares part lots

  1. init asset – the starting capital.
  2. leverage – the leverage of your broker.
  3. DD – admissible drawdown a portfolio, in percentage.
  4. asset – the current capital.
  5. base – the settlement value necessary for formation of the minimal portfolio.
  6. max leverage – the maximal limit of a leverage without DD%.
  7. limit – a limit on the open positions.
  8. current leverage – current used buy power.
  1. ticker – the ticker’s name.
  2. price – the current price, in point.
  3. dd – the drawdown, in point.
  4. shares – quantity of papers on one contract or not devisible value.
  5. part – a share, in percentage, papers in a portfolio.
  6. lots – quantity of contracts.

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